Question

give a detailed account on hybridization ?​

Answer 1

n chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.

types of hybridization compounds. ... of linear hybridization in this hybridization two. hybrid orbitals are formed these hybrid orbitals take the direction of P orbitals SP. hybrid orbital possess 50% s character and 50% P character. the hybrid orbitals oriented along a straight line at an angle of 180.

Answer 2

Scientist Pauling introduced the revolutionary concept of hybridization in the year 1931. He described it as the redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give new orbitals of equivalent energy and named the process as hybridisation. In this process, the new orbitals come into existence and named as the hybrid orbitals.

Rules for Calculating Hybridisation

The following rules are observed to understand the type of hybridisation in a compound or an ion.

Calculate the total number of valence electrons.

Calculate the number of duplex or octet OR

Number of lone pairs of electrons

Number of used orbital = Number of duplex or octet + Number of lone pairs of electrons

If there is no lone pair of electrons then the geometry of orbitals and molecule is different.

Types of Hybridisation

The following are the types of hybridisation:

1) sp – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and one p-orbital are mixed to form two sp – hybrid orbitals, having a linear structure with bond angle 180 degrees. For example in the formation of BeCl2, first be atom comes in excited state 2s12p1, then hybridized to form two sp – hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals overlap with the two p-orbitals of two chlorine atoms to form BeCl2

2) sp2 – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and tow p-orbitals are mixed form three sp2– hybrid orbitals, having a planar triangular structure with bond angle 120 degrees.

3) sp3 – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and three p-orbitals are mixed to form four sp3– hybrid orbitals having a tetrahedral structure with bond angle 109 degrees 28′, that is, 109.5 degrees.


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