Give a detailed description of how you would determine if NF3 is polar or nonpolar.
Answers
NF3 is polar in nature due to the presence of lone pair on nitrogen atom causing a distorted shape of NF3 molecule and the difference between the electronegativity of fluorine(3.98) and nitrogen(3.04) causes polarity in N-F bonds and result in a non zero dipole moment of the entire molecule.
Explanation:
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Answer:The electronegativity (obtained from periodic table) can be used to determine the polarity.However, the molecular shape is the best, and easiest way to determine whether a molecule is polar or non-polar.
Any molecule that contains a lone pair of electrons on the central atom is polar. For example, H2O is polar because the lone pairs on the oxygen atom create a non-symmetrical shape (bent or v-shaped molecular geometry). Which means no lone pairs is non-polar, right? Wrong. Not all molecules with no lone pairs on the central atom are non-polar. Sure, they might have a linear or tetrahedral shape but it depends on what is bonded to the central atom. For example, CH4 is non-polar whereas a chlorofluorocarbon such as CCl2F2 is polar. Both molecules have the same molecular geometry (tetrahedral) but have different atoms bound to the central atom. CH4 consists of 4 hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon, which has the same difference in electronegativity, and will “cancel out” creating an overall non-polar molecule. CCl2F2 consists of 2 chlorine and 2 fluorine atoms bound to the carbon, the difference in electronegativity is different in the C-F bond and the C-Cl bond, and cannot “cancel out” despite the tetrahedral shape. Therefore, CCl2F2 is polar.
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