Give a note on war with Marathas.
This is from the chapter 'From trade to territory'.
Answers
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The first Anglo-Maratha War
The first war between the English and the Marathas began in 1775. There was a struggle for peshwaship between the supporters of the infant Peshwa Madhav Rao II led by his able general statesman Nana Fadnavis and the supproters of Raghunath Rao.
Treaty of Salbai
The British supported Raghunath Rao for the Peshwaship in the First Maratha War. The war dragged on till 1781, the English army was defeated and ended with the treaty of Salbai in 1782.The English recognised Madhav Rao II as the Peshwa and were allowed to retain Salsetti. Raghunath Rao was pensioned.
Subsidiary Alliance
Wellesely introduced a system of Subsidiary Alliances. The English became the paramount power in India. The Nizam of Hyderabad accepted it first in 1798. Nawab of Awadh aws forced to accept it. Tipu sultan didnot accept it but after his death the new ruler accepted the treaty of Bassein.
The Second Maratha War
After the death of Nana fadnavis Holkar and Sindhia wanted to control peshwa, which made Peshwa Baji rao come under the British protection. This led to the Second Maratha War. The Sindhia and the Bhonsle were defeated in the battles of Assaye and Arjungaon in 1803. General Lake defeated Sindhia in the battle of Laswari and occupied Agra and Delhi.
Treaties of Deogaon
The war ended with the treaties of Deogaon with Bhonsle and Arjungaon with Sindhia.Both entered into subsidiary alliances with the Company. As result of this treaty the English got Cuttack from the Bhonsle and all the territory to the north of the Yamuna from the Sindhia.
War with the Holkar
War started with the Holkar in 1804. After his early successes the Holkar was defeated . Wellesely was recalled before the war ended . Peace was made with the Holkar in January 1806. Surat , Tanjore and Carnatic were annexed and pesions were given the Nawabs.
The Third Maratha War
The Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II was trying to organise a united front of the Maratha chiefsagainst the British. The Sindhia was forced to sign a new treaty. Other maratha chiefs also tried to unite but failed. They were defeated one by one by the British. TheThird Maratha War marked the last attempt of the Marathas to regain their position but the attempt failed.
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