Question

give a reason for the ruling elites of the region wanting to unify the Italian states???​

Answer 1

Answer:

Giuseppe Mazzini and Carlo Cattaneo wanted the unification of Italy under a federal republic, which proved too extreme for most nationalists. The middle position was proposed by Cesare Balbo (1789–1853) as a confederation of separate Italian states led by Piedmont

Answer 2

For several centuries, the Italian peninsula was a politically fragmented conglomeration of states. In many ways, the French period of invasion and occupation was important. This brought revolutionary ideas into being concerning government and society, which led to the overthrow of established ruling orders orders and the collapse of the last remnants of the feudal system. Freedom and equality principles had been extremely important. The idea of nationalism has also been adopted and the seeds of Italian nationalism have therefore been sowed on most areas of the Italian North and Central Peninsula

Explanation:

• Napoleon's downfall in 1814 and the restructuring of the congress in Vienna (1814-15) reinstated most of the Italian States: the Piedmont-Sardinian Kingdom (often known as Sardinia), the Tuscany Grand Duchy, the Papal States and the Two Sicily. These were predominantly conservative regimes, ruled over by old socially orders.
• The idea of an unified Italy began to take hold although the Italian Peninsula was divided in the mid-1800s. The conservative regimes established secret societies. Many of these societies had also promoted Italian nationalism and the concept of a united Italian political state
• The young Italy group, founded by Guiseppe Mazzini in 1831, was one such company. Mazzini was a fierce advocate of the need for unification of Italy through the Italian People's desires and actions. The movement for Italian unification is therefore proliferated by the mid-century process called Risorgimento (resurgence).
• The revolutions of 1848 sparked nationalist sentiments across the Italian peninsula. In several Italian cities this year there were widespread upheavals, mostly through classes (e.g. doctors, lawyers, shop owners) and also by students.
• Lombardy and Veneto attempted against Austrian law. Milan tried to rise. Those of Austria suppressed Custoza in July 1848 while the kingdom of Piemont Sardinia had sent troops to help the rebellion. Italian uprisings failed and the old regimes were re-establishedby 1849.
• Nevertheless, after 1848, there were adherents to the theory of the Risorgimento. The final push for Italian unification came in 1859, led by Count Camillo di Cavour, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, then the richest and most liberal of the Italian nations.
• In 1859 and 1860, elections were held in the northern Italian states and a major step towards unification was taken to join the Piedmont Sardinian Kingdom. Piedmont Sardinia ceded Savoy and Nice to France. A native of Piedmont and Sardinia, Giuseppi Garibaldi was a key contributor to the unification of the Southern Italian states.  Garibaldi and his men overthrew the Bourbon monarchy and turned over the southern territories to Victor Emmanuel II, King of Piedmont-Sardinia.
• In 1861, with Victor Emmanuel II as president, the national parliaments convocated and proclamated the Kingdom of Italy. At this point the boundaries of the new Kingdom of Italy were not limited to only two main territories: Rome and Veneto.
• In 1866 Italy joined Prussia (1866 Austro-Prussian War) in a war against Austria and thus acquired Venice. In 1870, the Italian army invaded Rome taking advantage of the diversion of France, the nation at the time responsible for defending the papal states, through involvement in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). Rome and the Papal States entered Italy that year and completed the Risorgimento. The Italian capital moved from Florence to Rome in the summer of the year 1871 (in 1865 the city was transferred from Turin to Florence).

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