Question

Give a reason to support that the plant cell and animal cell

Answer 1

How plant cell and animal cell are different from each other.

Characteristics of plant cell and animal cell

• Definition

1. Animal cells are also the basic functional unit of life for animals constituting all cell organelles that perform a variety of functions to support the animals’ metabolisms.
2. Plant cells are basic functional units of plants constituting all cell organelles performing a variety of functions that support the plants’ metabolisms.

• Size and shape

1. Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells with their cells ranging from 10-30um in length. Animal cells shape and sizes vary greatly from irregular shapes to round shapes, most defined by the function they perform.
2. Plant cells are larger than animal cells with the cell size ranging from 10um-100um in length.Plant cells similar in shape with most cells being rectangular or cube-shaped.

• Cell wall

1. They lack the cell wall but possess a plasma (cell) membrane, which performs the function of support and protection of the cell from external damage.It also plays a major role in selective permeability allowing in and outflow of nutrient molecules, water, and other cell elements.
2. They have both a cell wall that is made up of cell membrane and cellulose. The cell wall is, a rigid membrane matrix found on the surface of all plant cells whose primary role is to protect the cell and its content.

• Plasma membrane

1. They have a plasma membrane that is a thin flexible membrane, which acts as a protective covering for the animal cell.It also has selective permeability.
2. The presence of the plasma membrane made up of cellulose, just below the cell wall which allows selective permeability of cell contents into and out of the cell cytoplasm.

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Answer 2

Differences Between Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Animal Cell Versus Plant Cell


Size
Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.

Shape
Animal cells come in various sizes and tend to have round or irregular shapes. Plant cells are more similar in size and are typically rectangular or cube shaped.

Energy Storage
Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate glycogen. Plant cells store energy as starch.

Proteins
Of the 20 amino acids needed to produce proteins, only 10 can be produced naturally in animal cells. The other so-called essential amino acids must be acquired through diet. Plants are capable of synthesizing all 20 amino acids.

Differentiation
In animal cells, only stem cells are capable of converting to other cell types. Most plant cell types are capable of differentiation.

Growth
Animal cells increase in size by increasing in cell numbers. Plant cells mainly increase cell size by becoming larger. They grow by absorbing more water into the central vacuole.

Cell Wall
Animal cells do not have a cell wall but have a cell membrane. Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose as well as a cell membrane.

Centrioles
Animal cells contain these cylindrical structures that organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. Plant cells do not typically contain centrioles.

Cilia
Cilia are found in animal cells but not usually in plant cells. Cilia are microtubules that aid in cellular locomotion.

Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, occurs in animal cells when a cleavage furrow forms that pinches the cell membrane in half. In plant cell cytokinesis, a cell plate is constructed that divides the cell.

Glyoxysomes
These structures are not found in animal cells but are present in plant cells. Glyoxysomes help to degrade lipids, particularly in germinating seeds, for the production of sugar.

Lysosomes
Animal cells possess lysosomes which contain enzymes that digest cellular macromolecules. Plant cells rarely contain lysosomes as the plant vacuole handles molecule degradation.

Plastids
Animal cells do not have plastids. Plant cells contain plastids such as chloroplasts, which are needed for photosynthesis.

Plasmodesmata
Animal cells do not have plasmodesmata. Plant cells have plasmodesmata, which are pores between plant cell walls that allow molecules and communication signals to pass between individual plant cells.

Vacuole
Animal cells may have many small vacuoles. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume....

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