Give a short note on forest satyagrah.
Answers
Mahatma Gandhi adopted the Satyagraha Movement as a real and active weapon of winning violence. He believed that Satyagraha is a particular form of struggle where there is no question of victory or defeat. It is beyond doubt that his study of the Hindu tradition and his experience of passive resistance against racial discrimination in South Africa helped a lot in developing and concretizing his idea of Satyagraha.
Meaning of Satyagraha
The root meaning of Satyagraha is holding on to truth. Gandhi called it ‘truth force’, life-force’ or ‘soul-force’. Many people consider it a method of the political movement carried on against the British Raj.
According to Krishnalal Shridharani, “Satyagraha is a direct non-violent struggle.”
According to Dr. Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, Satyagraha is a method of struggle against the evil and a way of settlement of disputes.
M.N. Jha defined Satyagraha as ‘ethical self realization process of dialectics.’
Nature of Satyagraha
This theory of Satyagraha is based upon two ideas: (i) satya or truth and (ii) ahimsa or non-violence. The essence of Satyagraha Movement is to fight against injustice with the utmost might, courting all sorts of sacrifice and sufferings. Satyagraha is resistance without any acrimony or hatred or injury to the opponent. The sum and substance of Satyagraha is to awaken in the mind of the opponent the sense of justice and win his heart without hurting him.
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. The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of
truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause
was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was
not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or
being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through nonviolence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the
oppressor. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded
to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the
use of violence. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately
triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence
could unite all Indians.
After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised
satyagraha movements in various places. In 1916 he travelled to
Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the
oppressive plantation system.Then in 1917, he organised a satyagraha
to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat. Affected
by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could
not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be
relaxed. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organise
a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.