Give a short note on planning of New Capital
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The Making of New Delhi
In 1803, the British defeated the Marathas and gained control of Delhi. But the capital of British India was Calcutta, so the Mughal emperor was allowed to continue living in the palace complex in the Red Fort.
The modern city of Delhi developed only after 1911, when Delhi became the capital of British India.
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Planning a New Capital
In 1877, to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India, Viceroy Lytton organised a Durbar in Delhi, although Calcutta was the capital of British India. The reason to choose Delhi, the former capital of the Mughals, for such an event was to communicate to the Indian people that the Mughal empire was no longer in charge of India.
In 1911, when King George V was crowned in England, a Durbar was again held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion, and the decision to shift the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi was formally announced at this Durbar.
Two architects, Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker, were called on to design New Delhi and its buildings.
The government complex in New Delhi consisted of a two-mile avenue, Kingsway (now Rajpath), that led to the Viceroy’s Palace (now Rashtrapati Bhavan), with the Secretariat buildings on either sides of the avenue.
New Delhi took nearly 20 years to build, and the idea was to build a city that was in stark contrast to the Mughal capital of Shahjahanabad; there were to be no crowded mohallas, and no mazes of narrow bylanes. In New Delhi, there were instead to be broad, straight streets lined with sprawling mansions set in the middle of large compounds.
The new city was also designed to be a clean and healthy space; it had to have better water supply, sewage disposal and drainage facilities than did the Old City.
In 1877, to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India, Viceroy Lytton organised a Durbar in Delhi, although Calcutta was the capital of British India. The reason to choose Delhi, the former capital of the Mughals, for such an event was to communicate to the Indian people that the Mughal empire was no longer in charge of India.
In 1911, when King George V was crowned in England, a Durbar was again held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion, and the decision to shift the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi was formally announced at this Durbar.
Two architects, Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker, were called on to design New Delhi and its buildings.
The government complex in New Delhi consisted of a two-mile avenue, Kingsway (now Rajpath), that led to the Viceroy’s Palace (now Rashtrapati Bhavan), with the Secretariat buildings on either sides of the avenue.
New Delhi took nearly 20 years to build, and the idea was to build a city that was in stark contrast to the Mughal capital of Shahjahanabad; there were to be no crowded mohallas, and no mazes of narrow bylanes. In New Delhi, there were instead to be broad, straight streets lined with sprawling mansions set in the middle of large compounds.
The new city was also designed to be a clean and healthy space; it had to have better water supply, sewage disposal and drainage facilities than did the Old City.
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