Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India with examples .
Answers
The following facts disclose about the inter-state disparity of poverty in India:-
(i) The success rate of poverty reduction varies from state to state. Poverty is still a serious problem in some of the states such as Odisha, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, etc.
(ii) In 20 States and Union Territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average. There is a significant decline of poverty in Kerala and Jammu and Kashmir.
(iii) Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratio of 33.7% and 32.6% respectively. Illiteracy social backwardness, etc are the causes.
(iv) Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab have the lowest poverty ratio of 3.5% and 6% respectively. This is because of growth of tourism industry and high agricultural growth respectively in these states
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The proportion of poor is not the same in every state. Though there has been a decline in poverty in every state from the early seventies, the success rate of reducing poverty has varied from state to state. In 20 states and union territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average of 26. In others, the poverty ratios are higher than the national average. Among these, Orrisa and Bihar continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 47 and 43 per cent respectively. Both rural and urban poverty are quite high in these states. On the other hand, states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir and West Bengal have shown a significant decline in poverty. Public distribution of food grains, focus on human resource development, high agricultural development and land reform measures are some of the factors responsible for the decline in poverty in these states.
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