Give an account of structure and function of mammalian testis
Answers
The male reproductive system consists of the primary sex organs, the two testes and a set of accessory sexual structures. The adult mammalian testis performs two important functions, spermatogenesis and male sex hormone production. It is an organ structurally designed to produce the haploid male gametes from diploid postnatal germ-line stem cells, i.e. type A spermatogonia. The process of morphological and functional differentiation of type A spermatogonia into the haploid male gamete, the spermatozoon, is termed spermatogenesis. In addition, the testis elaborates a steroid hormone, testosterone, that is responsible for maintaining the spermatogenic process as well as the secondary male sexual characteristics. Furthermore, testosterone is important for several different functions in various organ systems including the maintainance of muscle mass and bone density. The process of testosterone formation from its precursor, cholesterol, is termed steroidogenesis. In this chapter, we will discuss how the structure and form of the testis contributes to the processes of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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