Give an account of structure and multiplication of bacteriophage. long question
Answers
Explanation:
The bacteriophage consists of a polyhedral head, a short collar and a helical tail. Head- The head consists of 2000 capsomeres with double-stranded DNA enclosed within. Tail- The tail consists of an inner hollow tube which is surrounded by a contractile sheath with 24 annular rings.
All bacteriophages are composed of a nucleic acid molecule that is surrounded by a protein structure. A bacteriophage attaches itself to a susceptible bacterium and infects the host cell. ... Eventually, new bacteriophages assemble and burst out of the bacterium in a process called lysis.
Answer:
Two major cycles of multiplication of bacteriophages are : 1. Lytic Cycle 2. Lysogenic Cycle! The action of most of viral genes is to enable the viruses to infect their respective host cells, multiply by using the host machinery such as enzymes and ribosomes and then causing the lysis of cells.
Multiplication of bacteriophages has been studied in T-even phages of E. coli by prominent workers like Delbruck, Luria and Lwoff. Lwoff suggested three stages of bacteriophages-extracellular virion. Vegetative Phage and Prophage. The complete virus particles prior of infection are extracellular virions. The other two stages are intracellular and are only in the form of nucleic acids. If it is free having autonomous replication, it is vegetative phage. It may become inserted with the bacterial DNA and is replicated along with it, then it is a prophage. Those phages having the capacity to become prophages are called “Temperate phages” and those which lack this property are called “Virulent phages”. The multiplication in both of these types can be studied separately in lytic cycle (for virulent phages) and lysogenic cycle (for temperate phages).
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