give an account on the distribution and uses of coal,petroleum and hydel power
Answers
Answer:
Thermal Electricity: Coal, petroleum and natural gas give rise to thermal energy. Assam, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal use this form of generating electricity. Hydroelectricity: Water released at a great force from a high head results in hydroelectricity.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Thermal Electricity: Coal, petroleum and natural gas give rise to thermal energy. Assam, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal use this form of generating electricity. Hydroelectricity: Water released at a great force from a high head results in hydroelectricity.
◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE
◉What is Coal?
Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat bogs.
◉How is Coal Formed?
- The formation of coal takes millions of years, which is why it is an exhaustible and non-renewable natural resource.
- It was formed around 300 million years ago when the earth was covered with swampy forests.
- When plants in these forests- mainly trees, mosses, ferns, and reeds died, they fell into the swamps.
- Thus, there was a thick layer of dead vegetation in the swamp formed.
- As years passed, more and more plants died and many such layers were formed, one above each other.
- The topmost layers compressed the layers below. Heat and pressure caused some physical and chemical changes and eventually, some carbon-rich deposits were formed.
◉How is Coal Obtained?
- It is obtained from the underground seams, which are the layers of ores and are thick enough to be mined with profitable results.
- There are two ways in which mining can be done- underground and open-pit. Determining the type of mining depends on the depth of the deposit.
- Vertical shafts are dug to access the deposits through underground mining, whereas in surface or open-pit mining, soil and rocks that lie on top of the mineral deposits are removed.
- The cost of surface mining is lesser than that of underground mining. This is why the surface mining is more dominant.
◉What is Petroleum?
Petroleum is referred to as “Black Gold.” This name itself is an indication of its importance to humans. Crude oil is considered to be the “mother of all commodities” as it is used to manufacture various products such as pharmaceuticals, plastics, gasoline, synthetic fabrics, etc. Petroleum or oil has also been the world’s leading source of energy since the 1950s
◉How is Petroleum Formed?
- Petroleum is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.
- When plants and animals die, they sink and settle on the seabed.
- Millions of years ago, these dead wildlife and vegetation decomposed and got mixed with sand and silt.
- Certain bacteria helped in the decomposition of this organic matter and caused some chemical changes.
- Matter consisting of largely carbon and hydrogen was left behind. However, as there is not sufficient oxygen at the bottom of the sea, the matter could not decompose completely.
- The partially decomposed matter remained on the seabed and eventually was covered with multiple layers of sand and silt.
- This burying took millions of years, and finally, due to high temperature and pressure, the organic matter decomposed completely and formed oil.
◉What is Hydel Power
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In 2015, hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity, and was expected to increase by about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.
◉Uses of Hydel Power
✯Electricity
Hydroelectricity is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. Hydroelectricity is one of the cheapest and non-polluting sources of power. Though it can cause ecological damage initially it has better climate compatibility than other major forms of energy like nuclear, coal, gas and others.
✯ Energy Storage
There is 90 GW of Global Pumped Hydro Storage already existing in the world and with increasing Solar and Wind Energy this Capacity is only going to grow. The main use of Pumped Hydro Storage is for Grid Energy Storage. Electric Utilities are the main customers of this Technology using Pumped Hydro Storage for:
☆a) Load Balancing
Storing Power during Low Usage Periods and Generating Power at High Usage Periods
☆b) Accommodation of Intermittent Sources of Energy
Solar Energy and Wind Energy are growing at a scorching fast rate of 50% and 30% CAGR over the last several years. Larger share of these forms of renewable energy in the Electricity Mix is driving the growth Grid Storage.
✯ Agriculture
Hydropower was used in ancient times for producing flour from grain and was also used for sawing timber and stone, raised water into irrigation canals.