give an example of mixture containing different coloured components in the same solvent how can these components be separated
Answers
How did gold miners search for gold?
Beginning in the late 1840s, thousands of prospectors rushed to California to search for gold. One of the approaches taken to isolate the gold from the soil was called “panning.” Dirt would be placed in the pan and covered with water. After thorough mixing, the pan is gently swirled to remove dissolved material while the heavier gold settles to the bottom of the pan. The gold is then separated from the mixture of soil and water.
Separation of Mixtures
Not everyone is out searching for gold (and not many of those searchers is going to get much gold, either). In a chemical reaction, it is important to isolate the component(s) of interest from all the other materials so they can be further characterized. Studies of biochemical systems, environmental analysis, pharmaceutical research – these and many other areas of research require reliable separation methods.
Here are a number of common separation techniques:
Evaporation
Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogenous mixtures where there is one or more dissolved solids. This method drives off the liquid components from the solid components. The process typically involves heating the mixture until no more liquid remains, Prior to using this method, the mixture should only contain one liquid component, unless it is not important to isolate the liquid components. This is because all liquid components will evaporate over time. This method is suitable to separate a soluble solid from a liquid.
In many parts of the world, table salt is obtained from the evaporation of sea water. The heat for the process comes from the sun.
Salt is formed from evaporating saltwater
Once the sea water in these evaporation ponds has evaporated, the salt can be harvested.
Filtration
Filtration is a separation method used to separate out pure substances in mixtures comprised of particles some of which are large enough in size to be captured with a porous material. Particle size can vary considerably, given the type of mixture. For instance, stream water is a mixture that contains naturally occurring biological organisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. Some water filters can filter out bacteria, the length of which is on the order of 1 micron. Other mixtures, like soil, have relatively large particle sizes, which can be filtered through something like a coffee filter.
Filtration
Summary
Mixtures can be separated using a variety of techniques.
Distillation takes advantage of differences in boiling points.
Evaporation removes a liquid from a solution to leave a solid material.
Filtration separates solids of different sizes.