Give any 3 provisionsof the indian constitution which make india a fully fledged federalism
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Which features of the federal constitution make the Indian Constitution quasi-federal?
A written constitution: for a federal state the constitution must almost necessarily be a written constitution which defines the relations between the central government and the regional government.( India inherited a written constitution in the government of India act 1935 . ) the constitution has gone great details regarding the distribution of powers and functions between the union and the states in all aspects of their administrative and other activities. ( legislation, execution and judiciary powers)
Constitution- amending process : the method of amendment is not complicated , it is simple , though nor far from easy. It has sought to avoid the difficulties. Indian constitution strikes a good balance between extreme rigidity and too much flexibility . ( it is important to note that the rigidity or flexibility depends upon in practice, on complex of political parties at the centre and in states and the attitude of the Supreme Court.
A federal polity : strong centre possessing an overriding authority.
Citizenship: The constitution of India introduced single citizenship like Canada, but there is no separate citizenship of States. All citizens enjoy same rights all over the country irrespective of their birth or place of residence. The other federal states like US, Switzerland and Australia have a dual citizenship i.e national as well as state citizenship.
Election Machinery: The election commission in India conducts elections to both central and state legislatures. The election commission is constituted by the president and the states have no say in this matter. In US, the election conducting machineries are separate for both the federal government and states.
Emergency Provisions: During the time of emergencies the Federal apparatus will transform into unitary system without any formal amendment to the constitution. Under constitution of India there are three types of emergencies viz national emergency, constitutional or state and financial emergency. While in normal times the union executive gives directions to the states in specified matters, but during emergencies the power of giving directions extends to all matters and the union exercises legislative powers on the subjects of states.
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Which features of the federal constitution make the Indian Constitution quasi-federal?
A written constitution: for a federal state the constitution must almost necessarily be a written constitution which defines the relations between the central government and the regional government.( India inherited a written constitution in the government of India act 1935 . ) the constitution has gone great details regarding the distribution of powers and functions between the union and the states in all aspects of their administrative and other activities. ( legislation, execution and judiciary powers)
Constitution- amending process : the method of amendment is not complicated , it is simple , though nor far from easy. It has sought to avoid the difficulties. Indian constitution strikes a good balance between extreme rigidity and too much flexibility . ( it is important to note that the rigidity or flexibility depends upon in practice, on complex of political parties at the centre and in states and the attitude of the Supreme Court.
A federal polity : strong centre possessing an overriding authority.
Citizenship: The constitution of India introduced single citizenship like Canada, but there is no separate citizenship of States. All citizens enjoy same rights all over the country irrespective of their birth or place of residence. The other federal states like US, Switzerland and Australia have a dual citizenship i.e national as well as state citizenship.
Election Machinery: The election commission in India conducts elections to both central and state legislatures. The election commission is constituted by the president and the states have no say in this matter. In US, the election conducting machineries are separate for both the federal government and states.
Emergency Provisions: During the time of emergencies the Federal apparatus will transform into unitary system without any formal amendment to the constitution. Under constitution of India there are three types of emergencies viz national emergency, constitutional or state and financial emergency. While in normal times the union executive gives directions to the states in specified matters, but during emergencies the power of giving directions extends to all matters and the union exercises legislative powers on the subjects of states.
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