Question

Give difference between Macronalrients and micronutruents?

Answer 1

Difference Between Macronutrients and Micronutrients

The differences between macronutrients and micronutrients can be divided into following categories. They are; 

Definition

Macronutrients: “macro” indicates large and macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts.

Micronutrients: “micro” indicates small and micronutrients are nutrients required in small amounts.

Examples

Macronutrients: Examples include protein, fat, fiber, water, and carbohydrate.

Micronutrients:

Phytochemicals and antioxidants

Vitamins

Minerals such as iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, iodine, manganese, selenium, zinc and molybdenum

Exception: Minerals such as Calcium, Sodium chloride, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Sulfur are sometimes known as macronutrients because they are necessary in large quantities compared to other vitamins and minerals. Thus, they are also known as the macro-minerals.

Body Function

Macronutrients:

Provide calories or energy – Fat has an energy content of 9 kcal/g and proteins and carbohydrates 4 kcal/g

Muscle development

Build and repair tissues

Carbohydrates serve for the storage of energy (e.g. starch and glycogen)

Structural components (e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods)

Carbohydrates are important component of coenzymes (e.g. ATP, FAD, and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as DNA and RNA

Fat serve for the storage of vitamins

Maintaining body temperature

Promoting healthy cell function

Play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting

Hormone, enzymes, and other chemical compounds synthesis

Protection of body organs and insulation

Cell membrane functioning and cellular signaling mechanism

To maintain helpful gut microorganisms

Micronutrients:

Synthesis of enzymes, hormones and other substances essential for proper growth and development

Vitamin A – Maintain vision cycle

Iodine – Synthesis of thyroid hormones

Folic acid – Neural tube development

Prevent non-communicable diseases

Act as coenzymes or cofactors for various enzymes

Actively engaged in the human metabolism process (cellular respiration, cell cycle)

Hemoglobin synthesis

Nutrients Rich Food

Macronutrients: Cereals (rice, wheat, barley), legumes, meat, fish, yams, potatoes, nuts, oil seeds are rich in macronutrients.

Micronutrients: Mainly vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, green leafy vegetables, fermented foods, germinated foods are rich in micronutrients.



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