give einstein's theory of specific heat of solids discuss its limitation in 3000words
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The Einstein solid is a conceptual model of a crystalline solid using the assumptions that it consists of a large numbering of atoms in the lattice that are independent three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillators, and that all oscillators have the same frequency. The latter assumption is in contrast to the Debye model, which superseded the Einstein model in 1912.
While the model provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, especially for the high-temperature limit, these oscillations are in fact phonons, or collective modes involving many atoms. Einstein was aware that getting the frequency of the actual oscillations would be difficult, but he nevertheless proposed this theory because it was a particularly clear demonstration that quantum mechanics could solve the specific heat problem in classical mechanics.[1]
Einstein solid
The Einstein solid is a conceptual model of a crystalline solid using the assumptions that it consists of a large numbering of atoms in the lattice that are independent three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillators, and that all oscillators have the same frequency. The latter assumption is in contrast to the Debye model, which superseded the Einstein model in 1912.
The Einstein solid is a conceptual model of a crystalline solid using the assumptions that it consists of a large numbering of atoms in the lattice that are independent three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillators, and that all oscillators have the same frequency. The latter assumption is in contrast to the Debye model, which superseded the Einstein model in 1912.While the model provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, especially for the high-temperature limit, these oscillations are in fact phonons, or collective modes involving many atoms. Einstein was aware that getting the frequency of the actual oscillations would be difficult, but he nevertheless proposed this theory because it was a particularly clear demonstration that quantum mechanics could solve the specific heat problem in classical mechanics.
A theory of the specific heat of solids proposed by Albert Einstein in 1906. In this theory, Einstein attributed the specific heat of solids to the vibrations of the solid and made the simplifying assumption that all the vibrations have the same frequency.
In other words specific heat of a solid or liquid is the amount of heat that raises the temperature of a unit mass of the solid through 1° C. We symbolise it as C. In S.I unit, it is the amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1 kg of solid or liquid through 1K.