give equation of following reaction
(a) stephen reaction (b) celemen reduction
Answers
Answer:
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Answer:
Stephen's reaction is the reaction to R−CN to RCHO using DIBAL−H.
Explanation:
(a) Clemmensen reduction:
Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), that are not sensitive to acids, are heated with zinc amalgam and conc HCl to give alkanes. Carbonyl group is reduced to methylene group. This reaction is often used to convert acyl benzenes to alkyl benzenes.
CH
3
CO−CH
3
+4[H]
Zn-Hg / conc. HCl
Δ
CH
3
−CH
2
−CH
3
+H
2
O
(b) Stephen reaction:
Nitriles react with stannous chloride / HCl to form imine hydrochlorides. This is reduction reaction. The imine hydrochlirdes on acid hydrolysis gives aldehydes.
CH
3
−C≡N+2[H]
SnCl
2
/dilHCl
CH
3
−CH=NHHCl
H
3
O
+
CH
3
−CHO+NH
4
Cl
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