Give example of a common acid and a common salt compare their composition. How do they differ. What do they have in common?
Answers
Acidic salts in aqueous solutions are acidic in nature.
They comprise mostly salts formed by strong acids and weak bases.
Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulphuric, c and perchloric acids. All other acids are weak in nature.
The usual strong bases are hydroxides of alkali metals like sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, and barium.
Most of the other metal hydroxides are weak bases.
Ammonium hydroxide is also a weak base.Common acidic salts are : Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, Aluminumsulfate, Al2(SO4)3, Lead nitrate, Pb (NO3)2, Ferric chloride, FeCl3, Copper sulfate, CuSO4, Silver nitrate, AgNO3.
An aqueous solution of such a salt of a strong acid and a weak base are acidic in character with a pH value less than 7.
This is due to release of H+ For example, in an aqueous solution of ferric chloride, the cations undergo partial hydrolysis to produce H+ ions. Fe (3+) + H2O = Fe OH(2+) + H(+).
An acidic salt and acid salt are different. An acid is formed by partial or incomplete neutralization of a dibasic or tribasic acid such as H2CO3, H2SO4, H3PO3, H3PO4 etc.
Some common examples of such salts are sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4).Acids salts contain replaceable hydrogen in their composition.
They react with bases to form normal salts :NaHSO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O. An acid salt need not be acidic.
The acidic or basic nature of an acid salt depends on the nature of the acid and the base from which it is derived and also on the extent of neutralization of the acid.
Thus, NaHSO4 and NaH2PO4 are acidic whereas NaHCO3 and Na2HPO4 are distinctly basic in an aqueous medium.
An example of common acid is HCl and common salt is NaCl
Difference between them is that salts are formed by process of neutralization by the reaction of acid and bases
There similarity are they contain ionic bonds.
HCl is formed by H+ and Cl- anions and NaCl is formed by Na+ and Cl-