Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry: (i)The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic. (ii)A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides. (iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.
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(i) Mn
(II)
O is basic and Mn
2
(VII)
O
7
is acidic.
Cr
(II)
O is basic and Cr
2
(III)
O
3
is amphoteric.
The ions in lower oxidation state can readily donate electrons and acts as bases and the ions in high oxidation states have a tendency to accept electrons and act as an acid.
(ii) Small sized (and highly electronegative) oxygen and fluorine can readily oxidize the metals. For example, Os
(VI)
F
6
and V
2
(VI)
O
5
.
(iii) Due to high electronegativity and high oxidizing power of oxygen, metal oxoanions have highest oxidation state. For example, In dichromate ion, Cr has +6 oxidation state and in permanganate ion, Mn has +7 oxidation state.
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