Give me a note on heart for science class 10 NCERT
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Answer:
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Heart is the muscular pumping organ which pushes the blood around the body.
Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for oxygen from the cells for removal and carries oxygen from the lungs to the heart and heart pump the blood to all the cells of the body.
Heart has different chambers such as right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle to prevent the mixing of oxygenated blood and carbon dioxide rich blood.
The thin walled upper chamber, left atrium, relaxes and oxygenated blood enters it.
Left atrium then contracts and the next chamber left ventricle, expands and thus blood enters it.
When the left ventricle contracts the blood is pumped out to all the cells of the body.
Deoxygenated blood from the body reaches the right upper chamber, right atrium when it expands.
As the right atrium contacts, the lower chamber, right ventricle, dilates.
Separation of right and left side of heart allows efficient supply of oxygen to the body and useful for animals that have high energy needs to maintain their body temperature.
In some animals, body temperature depends on the temperature in the environment and thus they do not use energy to maintain body temperature.
Amphibians and reptiles have three chambered heart and allows some mixing of oxygen and deoxygenated blood.
Fishes have two chambered heart and the blood is pumped to the gills for oxygenation and transported directly to all the cells of the body.
When blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle, the process is called as double circulation.
In fish, blood goes only once through the heart and thus fish shows single circulation.