Question

ⓗⓔⓨ ⓕⓡⓘⓔⓝⓓⓢ


⊙ Give me all information about quantum numbers and also how to find out them.



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$<font color = red><h1 > prabhudutt$

Answer 1

Hey mate,,

Quantum Number.

↪For all information about an electron in an atom is called quantum no.

It is of 4 types:-

1) Principal Quantum No. (n)

↪It represent SHELL
↪It gives information about 'size of atom'.
↪It's value, n = 1, 2 , 3, ........

** n ≠ 0

2) Azimuthal Quantum No. (l)

↪It represent SUBSHELL
↪It gives information about 'Shape of Orbital's
↪It's total value = n, these value l = 0 to n - 1.

3) Magnetic Quantum No. (m)

↪It represent orbital.
↪It give information about ' Orientation of Orbital's
↪It's total value = 2l + 1

3) Spin Quantum No. (s)

↪It gives information about Spin of electron along it's own axis.

↪s = +1/2 (for clockwise spin)
s = -1/2 (for anticlockwise spin)



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Answer 2

There are four quantum numbers; their symbols are n, ℓ, mℓ and ms. EVERY electron in an atom has a specific, unique set of these four quantum numbers. The story behind how these numbers came to be discovered is a complex one indeed and is one best left for another day.

A warning before I proceed: this is a 100% non-mathematical discussion. The equations governing electron behavior in atoms are complex. This area of study generated LOTS of Nobel Prizes and the reasoning leading to the above mentioned equations is sophisticated and sometimes quite subtle.

Just keep this in mind: EVERY electron's behavior in an atom is governed by a set of equations and that n, ℓ, mℓ, and ms are values in those equations. EVERY electron in an atom has a unique set of quantum numbers.

Lastly, I'm going to let the Internet discuss what these numbers mean. I will just describe their existence and the rules for how to determine them in this tutorial. The next tutorial will start with hydrogen and assign quantum numbers to its electron, then proceed to helium and do the same, then lithium, beryllium, and so on.

Lastly, the quantum numbers can be grouped into shells, subshells and orbitals. For example, there are three 3p orbitals and that all have n = 3 and ℓ = 2. There is a 4f subshell and it has seven orbitals. The 4f subshell has n = 4 and ℓ = 3. Examples of this will play out in the examples and problems.