Biology, asked by shafiqkhan19930117, 4 months ago

Give me idea about, mitochondria a life pioneer.​

Answers

Answered by yashsonkar658
0

Explanation:

The endosymbiotic theory holds that a pioneering proto-mitochondrion entered a primitive host cell, taking up residence

Answered by diyakhrz12109
3

Answer:

Pioneers

The endosymbiotic theory holds that a pioneering proto-mitochondrion entered a primitive host cell, taking up residence in the intracellular environment and thereby laying the foundations of eukaryotic life. It remains a matter of debate as to whether the act of engulfment that followed this initial coming together constituted a conquest on the part of the larger organism or an invasion by its parasitic intruder [1], but a realignment of responsibilities followed which ensured that this became a relationship of mutual benefit. The mitochondrion surrendered much of its genetic material, and thus executive control to the host cell, whilst the host delegated a number of key functions to the nascent organelle, chiefly energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, but also catabolic and anabolic processes, apoptotic cell death and, to a degree, sex determination [2]. Retaining a limited autonomy, represented by a single circular DNA plasmid and distinct ribosomes, the mitochondria had become protectorate states of the imperial host, with intracellular specialisation becoming feature of the new regime.

To the host cell, the benefits of this union were clear. The mitochondrion, with its highly invaginated inner membrane replete with electron carriers and proton pumps, ramped up the capacity of the newly chimaeric organism for ATP synthesis, earning the mitochondria their often-used sobriquet: the powerhouses of the cell. The chemiosmotic coupling of fuel oxidation to ADP phosphorylation far exceeded the extent to which the host could previously extract free energy from substrates via fermentation processes, and thereby fuelled the generation of complex life, that eventually led to the development of true multicellularity: tissues, organs and systems.

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