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1-These forests are found in the areas receiving heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annual rainfall). They are very dense. Even the sunlight does not reach the ground
2-To prevent excessive loss of water through transpiration. Teak, sal, sandal are important trees of these forests.
3-Trees of these forests are widely scattered and have spiny , waxy, small and leathery-textured leaves .They also have long roots and thick bark these trees are able to retain moisture in the dry season.
4-National Park-an area of countryside, or occasionally sea or fresh water, protected by the state for the enjoyment of the general public or the preservation of wildlife
Wildlife sanctuary-A wildlife sanctuary is a place of refuge where abused, injured and abandoned captive wildlife may live in peace and dignity for the remainder of their lives
5-
Overgrazing by animals in the forests should be stopped.
• All activities leading to soil erosion must be stopped.
• While constructing dams, roads and mining, all ecological factors must be stopped.
Answers-
1- It refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time (also called as virgin vegetation). Cultivated crops and fruits, orchards form part of vegetation but not natural vegetation. Temperature and rainfall affect the the growth of vegetation like , in high rainfall , the forests are thick and dense . as in low rainfall, the size of trees decreases.
2- i) Tropical deciduous forests are generally found in the Torrid Zone i.e. between the "Tropic of Cancer" and the "Tropic of Capricorn" whereas, coniferous forests are found in both Torrid Zone and the Temperate Zone.
• ii) "Tropical deciduous forests" shed their leaves in the cold winter season but coniferous forests are somewhat evergreen in nature.
• iii) Tropical deciduous forests have foliage that have leaves with a wide surface area, but coniferous forests have conifer trees with needle like leaves
• iv) Tropical deciduous forests are generally found in the plains. Coniferous forests are generally found in the mountains at higher altitude.
• v) The rate of transpiration from the plants of tropical deciduous forests are very high compared to the plants of the coniferous forests.
3- Forests are essential for maintaining an ecosystem for several reasons.
Explanation:
• Forest provides a home to different plants and animals.
• Forests help in maintaining a balance in the ecosystem between human being, plants, and animal.
• Forests prevent unwanted climate change in the world.
• It gives us oxygen and protects and keep a proper balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
• To animals, it gives food and shelter.
• Forests help in the reduction of soil erosion and fill the soil with nutrients.
• It is significant to issue strict laws and command by the government.
• It is essential to spread the awareness of wildlife and protection of the forest to individuals.
• Farmers need to adopt new methods of farming which would prevent trees.
4- Wildlife helps in maintaining the eco-logical balance of nature. Killing of carnivores leads to an increase in the number of herbivores which in turn affect the forest vegetation, thus due to lack of food in the forest they come out from the forest to agriculture land and destroy our crops.
5- Human beings are responsible for depletion of vegetation and wildlife as :-
1- Humans clears the forest and vegetation cover for farmlands to feed the increasing population.
2- It needs a land to build houses for human population.
3- The demand of animal in the form of meats, skins had increased.
Explanation: