Give me the notes on Hydrocarbons. Class 10
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What are Hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are one of the major components of organic chemistry. They are organic compounds which are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The molecular formula for these compounds is CxHy. The above-mentioned compounds play a vital role in daily life and most of them occur in nature.
The major part of fossil fuels is made up of these organic compounds. Their existence is seen in plants and trees. For example, Carotenes is an organic pigment which is found in green leaves and carrots. These hydrogen and carbon compounds make up to 98 percent of natural crude rubber. Further, they possess large internal energy which renders them their importance.
Hydrocarbons
Classification and Types of Hydrocarbons
Older chemists basically classified hydrocarbons as either aliphatic or aromatic. The classification was done on the basis of their source and their properties. As such, it was found out that Aliphatic hydrocarbons were derived from chemical degradation of fats or oils whereas Aromatic hydrocarbons contained substances that were a result of chemical degradation of certain plant extracts. However, today the compounds are distinguished on the basis of structure and not merely on the origin.
Besides, organic compounds are classified into:
Saturated hydrocarbons: They are the compounds in which carbon-carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen atoms are held together by single bonds. These single bonded compounds are the simplest hydrocarbons. The general formula for these single bonded organic compounds is CnH2n+2.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These compounds consist of a single, double or a triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n and for alkynes the general formula is CnH2n-2.
Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: These are also called as arenes. Arenes are compounds which consist of at least one aromatic ring.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
As a result of having a different molecular structure, the empirical formula of hydrocarbons is also different from each other. For instance, in linear alkanes, alkynes or alkenes, the amount of bonded hydrogen decreases in alkenes and alkynes. This is mainly due to the “self-bonding” or catenation of carbon that prevents the complete saturation of the hydrocarbon by the formation of double or triple bonds. The ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as catenation.
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Hope this will help u........
Hydrocarbons are one of the major components of organic chemistry. They are organic compounds which are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The molecular formula for these compounds is CxHy. The above-mentioned compounds play a vital role in daily life and most of them occur in nature.
The major part of fossil fuels is made up of these organic compounds. Their existence is seen in plants and trees. For example, Carotenes is an organic pigment which is found in green leaves and carrots. These hydrogen and carbon compounds make up to 98 percent of natural crude rubber. Further, they possess large internal energy which renders them their importance.
Hydrocarbons
Classification and Types of Hydrocarbons
Older chemists basically classified hydrocarbons as either aliphatic or aromatic. The classification was done on the basis of their source and their properties. As such, it was found out that Aliphatic hydrocarbons were derived from chemical degradation of fats or oils whereas Aromatic hydrocarbons contained substances that were a result of chemical degradation of certain plant extracts. However, today the compounds are distinguished on the basis of structure and not merely on the origin.
Besides, organic compounds are classified into:
Saturated hydrocarbons: They are the compounds in which carbon-carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen atoms are held together by single bonds. These single bonded compounds are the simplest hydrocarbons. The general formula for these single bonded organic compounds is CnH2n+2.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These compounds consist of a single, double or a triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n and for alkynes the general formula is CnH2n-2.
Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: These are also called as arenes. Arenes are compounds which consist of at least one aromatic ring.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
As a result of having a different molecular structure, the empirical formula of hydrocarbons is also different from each other. For instance, in linear alkanes, alkynes or alkenes, the amount of bonded hydrogen decreases in alkenes and alkynes. This is mainly due to the “self-bonding” or catenation of carbon that prevents the complete saturation of the hydrocarbon by the formation of double or triple bonds. The ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as catenation.
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Hope this will help u........
Answered by
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Hydrocarbons.
Good question,
Here is your perfect answer!
Hydrocarbons are such organic compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen.
There are two kinds of hydrocarbons,
1) Saturated:
Constist of only single bond between Carbon atoms.
Alkanes are Saturated one.
General formula : Cn H2n+2
Like for n= 1,
= C1H2*1+2
= CH4(methane)
2) Unsaturated :
Double or triple bonds between Carbon atoms.
Alkenes and alkynes,
Alkenes : double bond between carbon aroms,
General formula - CnH2n
Alkynes : triple bond between carbon atoms,
General formula - CnH2n-2.
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