Give meanings 1. Often 2. Troubles 3. Delight 4. Curious
Answers
Answer:
History: Incongruity, the superiority theory of humor, and deformity
The ridiculous often has extreme incongruity (things that are not thought to belong next to each other) or inferiority, e.g., "when something that was dignified is reduced to a ridiculous position (here noting the element of the incongruous), so that laughter is most intense when we escape from a 'coerced solemnity'."[4][5] For Aristotle, we laugh at inferior or ugly individuals, because we feel a joy at being superior to them.[6] Socrates was reported by Plato as saying that the ridiculous was characterized by a display of self-ignorance.[7] Deformity was considered by some to be essential to the ridiculous.[8][9] Psychological theories of humor include the "incongruity theory" and the "superiority theory", the latter of which the philosopher Thomas Hobbes was an early proponent.[10][11][12] Hobbes claimed that laughter was either caused spontaneously, or by seeing a deformed thing to which one compares themselves and laugh as a form of self applause; "a sudden glory arising from sudden conception of some eminency in ourselves, by comparison of the infirmities of others."[9] The Right Reverend William Warburton, Lord Bishop of Gloucester said in the early 18th century that, "Nothing is ridiculous but what is deformed".[13] Using the ridiculous is a method in the theory of humor.[14]
Although common usage now considers "absurdity" to be synonymous with "ridiculousness", Hobbes discussed the two concepts as different, in that absurdity is viewed as having to do with invalid reasoning, as in Hobbes' Table of Absurdity, while ridiculousness has to do with laughter, superiority, ridicule, and deformity.
Native American Ritual Clown
Further information: Ritual clown
The Ritual clown (Heyókȟa) in some Native American culture uses the painfully ridiculous, and is believed to become closer to the gods by its primordiality.[15][16] Native American clowns are ridiculous in their contrary and rule breaking antics.[17] In the film Little Big Man, the sacred clown rides sitting backwards on his horse, "washes" himself with dirt and "dries" himself with water.[18] Heyókȟa are thought of as being incongruously backwards-forwards, upside-down, or contrary in nature. This spirit is often manifest by doing things backwards or unconventionally—riding a horse backwards, wearing clothes inside-out, or speaking backwards. For example, if food were scarce, a Heyókȟa would sit around and complain about how full he was; during a baking hot heat wave a Heyókȟa would shiver with cold and put on gloves and cover himself with a thick blanket. Similarly, when it is 40 degrees below freezing he will wander around naked for hours complaining that it is too hot.[citation needed]
Parody and satire in social commentary
Further information: Parody and Satire
The ridiculous can use uses both physical and conceptual inferiority and incongruity of juxtaposition to create parody and satire.
In Candide, Voltaire parodies Leibniz's argument for the existence of evil under a benign God using "ridiculous rationalizations of evil".[19] Leibniz claimed that God is constrained by logic, and created the best of all possible worlds. After being reduced from a "dignified" state to its opposite, the optimistic Dr. Pangloss (representing Leibniz) finds cause to consider his undignified position to be the best of all possible worlds, noting his own particular current happiness, which he argues could not have been attained without experiencing the atrocities in the previous narrative; his optimistic attitude is extremely incongruous with his experiences and extremely inferior undignified ultimate condition.[19]
Explanation:
Meanings:
1. Often -अक्सर (frequently; many times)
2. Troubles -मुसीबत (difficulty or problems)
3. Delight-आनंद (great pleasure)
4. Curious-जिज्ञासु (eager to know or learn something.)