Question

Give mechanism of hydration of alkenes

Answer 1

Answer:

The mechanism of hydration involves electrophlic addition of the proton (or acid) to the double bond to form a carbocation intermediate. Addition of water in the second step results in formation of an oxonium ion, which, upon deprotonation, gives the alcohol.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The general chemical reaction of the reaction is the following:

A hydroxyl group (OH−) attaches to one carbon of the double bond, and a proton (H+) adds to the other carbon of the double bond. The reaction is highly exothermic. In the first step, the alkene acts as a nucleophile and attacks the proton, following Markovnikov’s rule. In the second step an H2O molecule bonds to the other, more highly substituted carbon. The oxygen atom at this point has three bonds and carries a positive charge (i.e., the molecule is an oxonium). Another water molecule comes along and takes up the extra proton. This reaction tends to yield many undesirable side products

RRCH=CH2 in H2O/acid → RRCH(-OH)-CH3

MECHANISM FOR REACTION OF ALKENES WITH H3O+

Step 1:

An acid / base reaction. Protonation of the alkene to generate the more stable carbocation. The p electrons act pairs as a Lewis base.

Step 2:

Attack of the nucleophilic water molecule on the electrophilic carbocation creates an oxonium ion.

Step 3:

An acid / base reaction. Deprotonation by a base generates the alcohol and regenerates the acid catalyst.