Question

Give mechanism of Markovnikov addition.

Answer 1

"Mechanism of Markovnikov addition.

Example:

Hydrogen Bromide gives an electrophile ${ H }^{ + }$. It attacks the double bond to form the carbocation.

1. Thus, the secondary carbocation in (b) part is more stable than the primary carbocation in (a) part. The former is predominated since it is formed faster than the latter.

2. The carbocation in part (b) is attacked by ${ Br }^{ - }$ ion and form the following product shown in second picture. "

Answer 2

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Markovnikov's rule (Markovnikov addition): In an addition reaction of a protic acid HX (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, or hydrogen iodide) to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of HX becomes bonded to the carbon atom that had the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

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