Question

give old and modern views of the cause of friction in small definition

Answer 1

old views is that there is friction but it is not given a particular defination it was accepted that if a object is in motion it will stop and it is its property.
Modern way say that object will continue in motion until or unless external force is applied.
That force is known as friction which produce due to roughness.

Answer 2

Hi friend here is your answer

Friction is a type of force which oppose the motion of a body.

Before the discovery of force, people probably didn't know what is a fraction, but after the discovery of gravitational force by Newton. Many other force discovered rapidly and divided into two parts 1. Contact force 2. Non contact force

Friction is contact force but its independent of area.