Question

give one example of acidic salt

Answer 1

A salt formed between a strong acid and a weak base is an acid salt, for example NH4Cl.

Answer 2

Acidic salts are salts whose aqueous solutions are are distinctly acidic in character. They are mostly salts of strong acids and weak bases.

The usual strong acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, sulfuric, chloric and perchloric acids. All other acids, almost, are weak acids.

The usual strong bases are hydroxides of alkali metals and those of calcium, strontium and barium. Almost all other metal hydroxides are weak bases. Ammonia (NH3) is also a weak base.

Examples of common acidic salts:

Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl

Aluminium sulfate, Al2(SO4)3

Lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2

Ferric chloride, FeCl3

Copper sulfate, CuSO4

Silver nitrate, AgNO3

An aqueous solution of such a salt of a strong acid and a weak base is distinctly acidic in character with a pH value less than 7. This is due to release of H(+) ions in water by the process of hydrolysis.

For example, in an aqueous solution of ferric chloride the cations undergo partial hydrolysis to produce H+ ions.

Fe(3+) + H2O = FeOH(2+) + H(+)

The presence of additional H(+) ions produced by such hydrolysis is responsible for the distinct acidic nature of FeCl3 in aqueous medium.

An acidic salt, conceptually, is different from an ‘acid salt’. An acid salt is a salt formed by partial or incomplete neutralisation of a dibasic or tribasic acid such as H2CO3, H2SO4, H3PO3, H3PO4 etc (polybasic acids). Some common examples of such salts are sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) and sodium dihydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4). Acids salts contain acidic or replaceable hydrogen in their composition. They react with further amounts of bases to give normal salts (NaHSO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O).

An acid salt need not be acidic. The acidic or basic nature of an acid salt depends on the nature of the acid and the base from which it is derived and also on the extent of neutralisation of the acid. Thus, NaHSO4 and NaH2PO4 are acidic whereas NaHCO3 and Na2HPO4 are distinctly basic in aqueous medium.





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