give one function of the following components of the transport system in human beings :- a) blood vessels b) blood platelets c) heart
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a.they transport blood b. helps in blood clotting c. they pump the deoxygenated blood and circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body
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There are different blood vessels with different functions:
#1 Arteries
- Carry blood away from the heart
- All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery
#2 Veins
- Carry blood back to the blood.
- All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein.
#3 Blood Capillaries
- Carry blood from an arteriole(small artery) to a venule(small vein).
- In capillaries, the blood is slowed down, giving more time for the exchange of substances.
- They branch repeatedly and provide a large surface area for the exchange of substances between the blood and arteries.
blood platelets
Platelets (also known as Thrombocytes) circulate in the blood (of mammals) are are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots.
Platelets also keep the body from bleeding in weaker structures including the nose and mouth.
The action of platelets are triggered by any blood loss (internal and external) and they concentrate (move) in the area of loss rapidly, beginning the clotting (and eventually, healing) process. In detail, what happens is collagen causes platelets to stick together and then release cytokines. The released cytokines attract more platelets which also stick and also release more cytokines attracting more platelets. This cycle is a positive feedback loop which continues until a platelet plug is formed. This along with clotting factor which aids in creating a fibrin "web" which falls out of the plasma, forms a clot at the injury site.
Abnormal levels of platelets can be dangerous. A mammal having too few platelets (e.g., hemophiliacs are humans with low levels of platelets) may bleed excessively (or to death) for what would be considered minor cuts.
A mammal having too many platelets may create unnecessary clots in the body, leading to thrombosis or other blockages of vital blood passageways, which may cause death
lymph
A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct.
Lymph acts to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood.
heart
The function of the heart is to maintain a constant circulation of blood throughout the body. It acts as a pump and its action is composed of a series of events known as the 'Cardiac Cycle'. In human beings, when the heart is beating normally, the cardiac cycle occurs about 74 times per minute. Thus each cycle lasts about 0.8 of a second. The cardiac cycle consists of:
Contraction of the artia - Artial Systole
Contraction of the Ventricles - Ventricular Systole
Relaxation or rest period of - Complete cardiac diastole
#1 Arteries
- Carry blood away from the heart
- All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery
#2 Veins
- Carry blood back to the blood.
- All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein.
#3 Blood Capillaries
- Carry blood from an arteriole(small artery) to a venule(small vein).
- In capillaries, the blood is slowed down, giving more time for the exchange of substances.
- They branch repeatedly and provide a large surface area for the exchange of substances between the blood and arteries.
blood platelets
Platelets (also known as Thrombocytes) circulate in the blood (of mammals) are are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots.
Platelets also keep the body from bleeding in weaker structures including the nose and mouth.
The action of platelets are triggered by any blood loss (internal and external) and they concentrate (move) in the area of loss rapidly, beginning the clotting (and eventually, healing) process. In detail, what happens is collagen causes platelets to stick together and then release cytokines. The released cytokines attract more platelets which also stick and also release more cytokines attracting more platelets. This cycle is a positive feedback loop which continues until a platelet plug is formed. This along with clotting factor which aids in creating a fibrin "web" which falls out of the plasma, forms a clot at the injury site.
Abnormal levels of platelets can be dangerous. A mammal having too few platelets (e.g., hemophiliacs are humans with low levels of platelets) may bleed excessively (or to death) for what would be considered minor cuts.
A mammal having too many platelets may create unnecessary clots in the body, leading to thrombosis or other blockages of vital blood passageways, which may cause death
lymph
A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct.
Lymph acts to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood.
heart
The function of the heart is to maintain a constant circulation of blood throughout the body. It acts as a pump and its action is composed of a series of events known as the 'Cardiac Cycle'. In human beings, when the heart is beating normally, the cardiac cycle occurs about 74 times per minute. Thus each cycle lasts about 0.8 of a second. The cardiac cycle consists of:
Contraction of the artia - Artial Systole
Contraction of the Ventricles - Ventricular Systole
Relaxation or rest period of - Complete cardiac diastole
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