Give raction and mechanisms of any five processes to prepare alcohol.
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Answers
There are various methods and ways to prepare alcohols in industries and laboratories. Let’s learn about these one-by-one below.
Preparation of alcohols
1) Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides
This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The method is not a very effective one. This is because it has as olefins as by-products. ion.
R-X + KOHaq → R-OH
2) Oxymercuration and Demercuration of Alkanes
Alkenes react with mercuric acetate in presence of H2O and tetrahydrofuran to give alkyl mercury compounds. This is one of the most common types of methods to prepare alcohols.
3) Preparation of Alcohols from Grignard Reagent
We can obtain the three types of monohydric alcohols (primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols) by using Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds. The addition of RMgX on carbonyl compounds, along with hydrolysis gives us alcohols. The Grignard reagent is basically an organometallic compound. Let us look at this reaction in greater detail as it is a very important reaction.