Question

give reaction of acids with chloride and nitrates. state the conditions under which they react

Answer 1

Reactions of acids

Acids react with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates. During each of these reactions a salt is made.

Metals

Acids will react with reactive metals, such as magnesium and zinc, to make a salt and hydrogen.

Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

For example:

Magnesium + sulfuric acid → magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

The hydrogen causes bubbling during the reaction. It can be detected using a lighted splint, which causes the gas to burn with a squeaky pop.

Oxides and hydroxides

Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to produce a salt and water.

Acid + metal oxide → salt + water

Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water

For example:

Hydrochloric acid + copper(II) oxide → copper(II) chloride + water

2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O

Nitric acid + calcium hydroxide → calcium nitrate + water

2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

Carbonates

When acids react with carbonates, a salt, water and carbon dioxide are made.

Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

For example:

Sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

The carbon dioxide causes bubbling during the reaction. It can be detected using limewater, which turns a milky white when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.