Give reason
(a) A passenger in a bus tends to fall backward when it starts suddenly
(b) A bullet fired against a glass window pane makes a hole in it without cracking it
(c) An athlete runs a certain distance before taking a long jump
Answers
Answers:--
(a) the passenger initially is in the state of rest. when the bus starts moving suddenly, the lower body of the person standing is in contact with floor of the bus & with the motion of bus floor the feet also come to motion. however, the upper body of passenger remains in inertia of rest as it is not in contact with the bus. so the feet move forward and the person tends to fall backward.
(b) impulse is a measure of force multiplied by the time of application of force. A bullet has very less impulse factor due to its time of contact, but has enough momentum to break the glass. the fired bullet has a large amount of force which acts for a short period of time on the window.
(c) An athelet always runs before jumping to gain momentum.This helps in jumping higher and longer as the rate of change of momentum becomes less and that is why he can jump higher and longer with the same amount of force.
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