Give reason for
There are many rapids and waterfall at the eastern edge of the piedmont
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Answer:
Edge of the Piedmont/Coastal Plain, where various rivers cross from hard bedrock to soft sediments, is marked by a zone of rapids and waterfalls called the Fall Line. The geologic boundary is not a single, fixed line.
In Richmond, the zone is seven miles wide stretching from Bosher's Dam downstream to Mayos Island, where the 14th Street Bridge crosses the James River. The James River drops 105' in that distance. Half of the elevation loss in the last half-mile next to Richmond's downtown, creating urban rapids that are popular with whitewater enthusiasts
John Smith was the first European to report on this natural feature. In April, 1607, Captain Christopher Newport and John Smith led an expedition upstream from the site just chosen for Jamestown, until rapids at the current location of Richmond blocked further exploration by ship:2
...we were intercepted with great craggy stones that [stand] in midst of the river, where the water falleth so rudely and with such a violence as not any boat could possibly pass...
The Fall Line, which has been part of Virginia's landscape since the formation of the Atlantic Ocean 200 million years ago, is a geologic feature that has had great impact on the cultural geography of Virginia. That physical pattern of rapids/waterfalls blocked ships from sailing further upstream, limiting water-based transportation of the European colonists. The natural geologic barrier to shipping delayed European settlement of the Piedmont and shaped the location of major Virginia's cities, including Alexandria, Fredericksburg, Richmond, and Petersburg.
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