Question

give reasons:1) Actinoids show variable oxidation states.2)Zr and Hf have almost identical radii​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) -Actinides show a variety of oxidation states from +3 to +6.

This is due to the very small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s sub shells.

The principal oxidation states are +3 and +4 and +3 oxidation state is the most stable.

The +4 oxidation state is the most stable in Th and Pu.

2) -Due to lanthanide contraction, Zr and Hf have almost similar atomic radii. It can be explained on the basis of shielding effect. ... In case of post lanthanide elements like Hf, 4f subshell is filled and it is not very effective at shielding the outer shell electrons. Therefore, Zr and Hf have almost similar atomic radii.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

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Explanation:

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