Give reasons.
1. Bacteria are
regarded as our foes and friends.
Answers
because bacteria are everywhere in our surroundings also that is why it is said
Answer:
Bacteria are single-cell organisms and most of them must find foods such as sugars, proteins and vitamins to live. The blue-green bacteria (some times called blue-green algae) have chlorophyll and can make their own food from light energy + carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Bacteria helped shaped the world as we know it today. You can find them almost everywhere – on doorknobs, in the depths of the ocean and, naturally, in our bodies. There are billions of bacteria in the human body. They function like a fully-fledged organ and we have almost as many of them as we do cells. While most are essential for our health, not all bacteria are our allies. Some types, called pathogenic bacteria, cause infectious diseases that can range from a simple sore throat to a life-threatening case of septic shock.
For many years, antibiotics were an effective way of combating pathogenic bacteria. However, their overuse has led to the development of multidrug-resistant “super bacteria”. At the start of the year, the World Health Organization (WHO) sounded the alarm by reporting that super bacteria could kill up to 10 million people by 2050, placing it on a par with cancer. Scientists are considering several alternative solutions for addressing this emergency. One of them is phage therapy. Discovered a century ago and then abandoned in favour of antibiotics, this method has once again become promising (see article on phagotherapy).
Starting at birth, bacteria colonise our bodies and build what we call the microbiome. “The composition of the bacteria in our bodies changes quite a bit during our first three years of life. It then stabilises to form the microbiome we see in adults,” says Vladimir Lazarevic from the Genomic Research Laboratory at Geneva University Hospitals (HUG). Later, our microbiome changes again when we become elderly due to a weakened immune system and new dietary habits.
Each individual has their own microbiome, which changes depending on one’s environment and diet. The bacteria in the body are mostly contained in the skin or mucous membranes, i.e. the digestive, respiratory, and uro-genital tracts. They exist in symbiosis with the body, which provides them with nutrients and an ideal place to survive and grow. According to Lazarevic, our intestinal tissue and immune system do not develop normally without bacteria.
“Bacteria serve a metabolic purpose. For example, through a process of fermentation, they break down indigestible food residue, such as fibre, into useful components the body can absorb. They can also produce energy substrates like fatty acids and vitamins K and B12,” says the researcher. Bacteria also stimulate the immune system and make the body more resistant. A pathogenic micro-organism, such as a fungus or bacteria, must first fight against the body’s local flora to colonise the environment. These endogenous bacteria are, so to speak, our allies.
However, there are also bacteria that are pathogenic to the human body. These bacteria can cause disease.
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