Question

give reasons
a. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration.
b. An athlete may experience muscle cramps after finishing a race.​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that's performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end. Anaerobic fermentation occurs in the fermentation vessel once the oxygen is discharged and replaced with N2, CO2, or another by-product of the fermentation process. Anaerobic fermentation is usually a slower process. ... Most anaerobic fermentations require little energy to keep cells in suspension.
2. Muscle cramp is a temporary but intense and painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that can occur in many different situations. The causes of, and cures for, the cramps that occur during or soon after exercise remain uncertain, although there is evidence that some cases may be associated with disturbances of water and salt balance, while others appear to involve sustained abnormal spinal reflex activity secondary to fatigue of the affected muscles. Evidence in favour of a role for dyshydration comes largely from medical records obtained in large industrial settings, although it is supported by one large-scale intervention trial and by field trials involving small numbers of athletes. Cramp is notoriously unpredictable, making laboratory studies difficult, but experimental models involving electrical stimulation or intense voluntary contractions of small muscles held in a shortened position can induce cramp in many, although not all, individuals. These studies show that dehydration has no effect on the stimulation frequency required to initiate cramping and confirm a role for spinal pathways, but their relevance to the spontaneous cramps that occur during exercise is questionable. There is a long history of folk remedies for treatment or prevention of cramps; some may reduce the likelihood of some forms of cramping and reduce its intensity and duration, but none are consistently effective. It seems likely that there are different types of cramp that are initiated by different mechanisms; if this is the case, the search for a single strategy for prevention or treatment is unlikely to succeed.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

a. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration because it occurs when the amount of oxygen available is too low to support the process of aerobic respiration.

b. The cramps occur when muscle cells respire anaerobically to fulfil the immediate demand of energy. The partial breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid in our body causes muscle cramps.

Explanation:

b. EXPLANATION - This happens during strenuous exercise, our supply of oxygen to the body through circulation is far less than the the demand.