Question

give reasons (a) Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but they lack
vacuole.
(b) Intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchymatous tissues.
(c) We get a crunchy and granular feeling, when we chew pear fruit.
(d) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity.
(e) It is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree.
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Answer 1

Answer:

i] Meristematic cells are continuously dividing cells so they have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm. But since these cells do not store food material or waste materials, they lack vacuole.

ii] Intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchymatous tissues because they have a cementing substance (known as lignin) around their cell membrane which makes them stiff and hard.

iii] Such cells have large air cavities, which enable the plant to float in water. Sclereid is a reduced form of sclerenchyma, which has thickened lignified walls. In pear fruit, sclereid cells are present in bundles, which give a gritty texture to the fruit.

iv] Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity because of the presence of collenchyma that adds the property of flexibility

v] Sclerenchyma is dead, long, thin narrow cells. Walls of sclerenchyma cells are lignified, which make them thick. This tissue makes the plant hard and stiff  Such cells make it very hard to pull out the coconut husk.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

(b) Sclerenchyma tissue are dead simple permanent tissue of the plant. The cells of sclerenchyma are closely packed without intercellular spaces, like tiles in mosaic floor so that, it can provide the strength, rigidity, flexibility and elasticity to the plant to withstand various strains.

Explanation:

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