Question

Give reasons for the following:
a. Reaction of KCN with haloalkanes produces alkyl cyanides while reaction of AgCN with
haloalkanes produces isocyanides.
b. Alkyl halides though polar are immiscible with water.
c. CH2Cl2 has higher dipole moment than CCl4.

Answer 1

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a) Reaction of KCN with haloalkanes produces alkyl cyanides while reaction of AgCN with haloalkanes produces isocyanides.

Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product while AgCN form isocyanides as the chief product. ... In case of AgCN mainly covalent in nature thus, nitrogen is free to donate electron pair with haloalkanes and isocyanides is form as the chief product.

b) Alkyl halides though polar are immiscible with water.

Water is a polar solvent. ... Thus, alkyl halides can neither form hydrogen bonds nor can they break the hydrogen bonds of water. > Thus, alkyl halides are immiscible in water though they are polar because they cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.

c) CH2Cl2 has higher dipole moment than CCl4.

Which has the highest dipole moment and give the order CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 or CCl4. The order of decreasing dipole moment is CH3Cl> CH2Cl2> CHCl3> CCl4.

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Answer 2

a) Reaction of KCN with haloalkanes produces alkyl cyanides while reaction of AgCN with haloalkanes produces isocyanides.

Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product while AgCN form isocyanides as the chief product. In case of AgCN mainly covalent in nature thus, nitrogen is free to donate electron pair with haloalkanes and isocyanides is form as the chief product.

b) Alkyl halides though polar are immiscible with water.

Water is a polar solvent. .Thus, alkyl halides can neither form hydrogen bonds nor can they break the hydrogen bonds of water. > Thus, alkyl halides are immiscible in water though they are polar because they cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.

c) CH2Cl2 has higher dipole moment than CCl4.

Which has the highest dipole moment and give the order CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 or CCl4. The order of decreasing dipole moment is CH3Cl> CH2Cl2> CHCl3> CCl4.