Question

Give Reasons
India has not signed NNPT or CTBT​

Answer 1

Answer:

India has refused to sign the Treaty on the grounds that the CTBT, like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), is discriminatory. ... Even before coming into force, the CTBT has helped the cause of test-ban and nuclear disarmament by discouraging member-states from testing for and developing nuclear weapons.

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Answer 2

There are two main reasons:

(i) India is huge and powerful and demands that it be accommodated. It is in a position to wreck any international sanction and its power relative to other major powers is only increasing and will continue to do so for a long time. Therefore, it has always been quite comfortable with ignoring the NPT. This is similar to the United States not signing many major treaties that it views as contrary to its interest. India also has about 40%, give or take, of the world’s Thorium, and could easily invest in Fast Breeding technology if imports became expensive, both for power and for weapons production (“If LFTR designs are ultimately proven and become widespread, the selection of LFTRs as a means of producing fissile material would be an entirely rational choice for states either wishing to acquire nuclear weapons capabilities, or to increase their stock of nuclear weapons at much lower cost, and with much lower risk of detection, than using conventional technologies.”). Many Indian scientists want exactly this and feel the low price of Uranium is a hindrance. And, if India were to do this, it can single handed wreck much of the NSG controls, which actually creates a built-in incentive to accommodate India. This is not including India’s ability to wreck other sanctions regimes also. Also, India’s power is massively aligned, both short and long-term (~50 years at least) with the West, Japan and Russia. All this creates a multilayered immunity to any coercion. If India is not included, in the mid-term, the bodies that control such things themselves become weakened and ineffective.

(ii) India is pacifist and does not like anyone possessing these weapons. All the NPT nuclear powers are in violation of the treaty themselves as Article VI makes something crucial mandatory: “Each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.” India demands - quite legitimately - that the five nuclear powers in the NPT become compliant with the treaty and commit to specific dates by which they will become non-nuclear weapon states. These five are in total treaty violation and are widely perceived to be quite dishonest in India and intent on possessing these terrible weapons in perpetuity, unless they provably demonstrate otherwise.