Question

Give short answers to the following questions.
1. Write a short note on different characteristics of Jhum or Shifting cultivation.
2. What were the important features of tribal hunters and gatherers ?
3. How did the status of tribal chiefs change before the arrival of the British ?




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this is the humble request to you. please give me the short answer not long. And thank you so much those persons who gives me proper answer.

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Answer 1

such a big question

here

request" (and any subsequent words) was ignored because we limit queries to 32 words.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plot of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot. The period of cultivation is usually terminated when the soil shows signs of exhaustion or, more commonly, when the field is overrun by weeds. The length of time that a field is cultivated is usually shorter than the period over which the land is allowed to regenerate by lying fallow. ( Sorry I don't know about Jhum )

2. The early hunter-gatherers used simple tools. During the Stone Age, sharpened stones were used for cutting before hand-axes were developed, marking the onset of Acheulean technology about 1.6 million years ago. Controlled use of fire for cooking and warding off predators marked a crucial turning point in the early history of these groups, though debate remains as to when this was accomplished. Use of hearths dates back almost 800,000 years ago, and other findings point to controlled heating as far back as 1 million years ago.

3. Before the arrival of the British, in many areas the tribal chiefs were important people. They also had to pay tribute to the British, and discipline the tribal groups on behalf of the British. They lost the authority they had earlier enjoyed amongst their people, and were unable to fulfil their traditional functions.

Explanation:

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