give some measures adopted by the government to prevent soil erosion
Answers
1. Watershed Development Project in Shifting Cultivation Areas (WDPSCA)
The scheme was implemented from the year 1995-96 onwards. It is a 100% Central assistance through the Ministry of Agriculture & Co-operation, Government of India.
The main thrust of the project is as follows:
Protect hill slopes of jhum areas through soil and water conservation measures on a watershed basis.
Encourage and assist jhummia families to develop jhum land for productive uses with improved cultivation and suitable package of practices leading to settled cultivation.
Improved socio-economic status of jhummia families through household/land-based activities.
Mitigate ill effects of shifting cultivation by introducing appropriate land use as per land capacity and improved technologies.
During 2012-13, Government of India did not release any fund for the scheme.
ANSWERS:
The scheme is funded by the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India with 91.66% as Central Share and 8.34% as State Share. With an intention of involving village communities in the implementation of Watershed Development Projects (WDP) under IWDP, the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, adopted the WDP Guidelines (1995) which was subsequently revised in 2001 (WDP Revised Guidelines, 2001) and later evolved the New Guidelines for Hariyali (2003) which are under implementation w.e.f. April 1, 2003.
There are 112 projects sanctioned for treatment in 439 micro-watersheds covering a total area of 2,21,225.00 hectare with a total cost of Rs.13,053.25 lakh.
2. Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
During 2009-10, the Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land Resources, has approved for treatment of 30,000 hectares in 18 watershed projects of the State. Subsequently, the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India approved 52,000, 37,500 and 38,870 hectares of area for treatment during 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 respectively.
The Central and State share for the IWMP projects is in the ratio of 90:10.
The main objectives of this programme are as follows:
To dissipate soil and water erosion and surface run-off
To harvest/ recycle surface runoff and rainwater
To enhance soil moisture regime/ water holding capacity
To promote sub-surface flow, base flow and ground water recharge
To improve soil health and tilth
To improve production and productivity
To promote generation and gainful employment opportunities
Hope it will helpful for you.
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