Question

Give summary from the chapter The french revolution for std 9th.

Answer 1

The French Revolution was a social and political conflict, with various periods of violence, which convulsed France and, by extension of its implications, other nations of Europe that faced supporters and opponents of the system known as the Old Regime. It began with the self-proclamation of the Third State as National Assembly in 1789 and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat in 1799.


Although, after the First Republic fell after Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat, the political organization of France during the nineteenth century oscillated between republic, empire and constitutional monarchy, the fact is that the revolution marked the final end of feudalism and Of absolutism in that country,  and gave birth to a new regime where the bourgeoisie, sometimes supported by the popular masses, became the dominant political force in the country. The revolution undermined the foundations of the monarchist system as such, beyond its rattles, to the extent that it overthrew it with a discourse and initiatives capable of rendering it illegitimate.


According to classical historiography, the French Revolution marks the beginning of the Contemporary Age by laying the foundations of modern democracy, which places it at the heart of the nineteenth century. It opened new political horizons based on the principle of popular sovereignty, which will be the driving force of the revolutions of 1830, 1848 and 1871.

Answer 2

Well heyy !!______________________________________________________________Summary of The French Revolution :

@Feudalism and Unfair Taxation :
In real there is no rational factor lead to French revolution. Years of feudal oppression and fiscal mismanagement contributed to a French society that was ripe for revolt. King Louise XVI talked to financial advisors about low treasure .Result is that French need a change in taxation .The advisors greatly kicked out . the king realized that this taxation problem really did need to be addressed, so he appointed a new controller general of finance, Charles de Calonne, in 1783. Calonne suggested that, among other things, France begin taxing the previously exempt nobility. The Nobility refused Calonne pleaded with them in the assembly of notables .
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@The Estate -general :
In 1789,Louis XVI decided to convene the Estates-General, an ancient assembly consisting of three different estates that each represented a portion of the French population. However, since two of the three estates—the clergy and the nobility—were tax-exempt. The result of solution is uncertain.
The old rules gave fair chances to vote only for third estate-The upper caste and rich members of French. Realizing that its numbers gave it an automatic advantage, the Third Estate declared itself the sovereign National Assembly.
Due to this new assembly formed .
_____________________________________________________________@The Bastille and the Great Fear 
After new assembly formed .New rules were come into existence. its members took the Tennis Court Oath, swearing that they would not relent in their efforts until a new constitution had been agreed upon. In Paris, citizens stormed the city’s largest prison, the Bastille, in pursuit of arms.In the country side Farmers and peasants revolt against unfair practices of franchise and taxes
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@Rifts in the assembly
National assemblu succed in making new constitution .the relative peace of the moment was short-lived.When Louis XVI was caught in a foiled escape plot, the assembly became especially divided.Outside of France, some neighboring countries feared that France’s revolutionary spirit would spread beyond French land. In response, they issued the Declaration of Pillnitz. French leaders interpreted the declaration as hostile, so the Girondin-led assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia.
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@The reign of terror 
In January 1793 the convention executed louis.Then committee of public safety was created the war with Austria and Prussia went poorly for France, and foreign forces pressed on into French territory.New constitution of 1793.
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety began conscripting French soldiers and implementing laws to stabilize the economy .
Reign of Terror begun in 1793–1794, during which he had more than 15,000 people executed at the guillotine. When the French army successfully removed foreign invaders . Robespierre no longer had any justification for his extreme actions, and he himself was arrested in July 1794 and executed.
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@The Thermidorian Reaction and the directory 
Thermidorian Reaction  began to the new Constitution of 1795 and a significantly more conservative National Convention.
To control executive responsibilities and appointments, a group known as the Directory was formed.
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@Napoleon 
Napoleon Bonaparte, were making progress in nearly every direction.  Napoleon’s forces drove through Italy and reached Egypt before facing a deflating defeat. In  this rout, and having received word of political upheavals in France, Napoleon returned to Paris.
He arrived  to lead a coup against the Directory in 1799,  stepping up and naming himself , the leader of France. With Napoleon at the helm, the Revolution ended, and France entered a fifteen-year period of military rule.
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