give the ans of voluntary and involuntary movements of the brain
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The responses of the nervous system to stimuli may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary responses are mainly under conscious control, but some voluntary movements, such as walking, require less conscious attention. There are two types of involuntary response, autonomic and reflex. Autonomic responses regulate the body’s internal environment. Reflexes mainly affect those muscles that are normally under voluntary control.
Voluntary responses
All voluntary activities involve the brain, which sends out the motor impulses that control movement. These motor signals are initiated by thought and most also involve a response to sensory stimuli. For example, people use sight and sense of position to help them coordinate the action of walking.

Voluntary pathways
The sensory impulses that trigger voluntary responses are dealt with in many parts of the brain.

Nerve–muscle junction
At this junction, a nerve fibre transmits signals to produce a response from muscle fibres.
Autonomic responses
The autonomic nervous system controls the body’s internal environment without conscious intervention and helps to regulate vital functions, such as blood pressure. The two types of autonomic nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic, have opposing effects but balance each other most of the time. At certain times, such as during stress or exercise, one system dominates.

Autonomic pathways
Information collected by internal receptors travels along sensory nerves to the spinal cord and the brain stem for processing. Sympathetic and parasympathetic response signals have separate pathways.
Voluntary responses
All voluntary activities involve the brain, which sends out the motor impulses that control movement. These motor signals are initiated by thought and most also involve a response to sensory stimuli. For example, people use sight and sense of position to help them coordinate the action of walking.

Voluntary pathways
The sensory impulses that trigger voluntary responses are dealt with in many parts of the brain.

Nerve–muscle junction
At this junction, a nerve fibre transmits signals to produce a response from muscle fibres.
Autonomic responses
The autonomic nervous system controls the body’s internal environment without conscious intervention and helps to regulate vital functions, such as blood pressure. The two types of autonomic nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic, have opposing effects but balance each other most of the time. At certain times, such as during stress or exercise, one system dominates.

Autonomic pathways
Information collected by internal receptors travels along sensory nerves to the spinal cord and the brain stem for processing. Sympathetic and parasympathetic response signals have separate pathways.
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1.Voluntary responses are mainly under conscious control, but some voluntary movements, such as walking, require less conscious attention.
2.There are two types of involuntary response, autonomic and reflex.
(i) Autonomic responses regulate the body’s internal environment.
(ii) Reflexes mainly affect those muscles that are normally under voluntary control.
2.There are two types of involuntary response, autonomic and reflex.
(i) Autonomic responses regulate the body’s internal environment.
(ii) Reflexes mainly affect those muscles that are normally under voluntary control.
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