Question

Give the basis of the relation between the centre of the states :​

Answer 1

➢ On the basis of the relations between the centre and the states, governments are of two types :

• Unitary Government
• Federal Government

We discuss below these two forms of government in detail -

✠ Unitary Government :

• In simple language, Unitary Government is that government in which all the powers are in the hands of one Central government. The powers being used by the local governments are delegated to them by the Central government and the Central government can increase or decrease their powers. Countries like England, Japan, France, Italy etc. have Unitary Governments.

✠ Federal Government :

• In the Federal Government, there is dual administration and there is distribution of powers between the centre and the states in accordance with the constitution. Both the governments run their administrations independently and do not interfere unnecessarily in the affairs of one another. The First Federal Government was established in the U.S.A. by the Constitution adopted on March 4, 1789.

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◈ Know More :

• Characteristics of a Unitary Government -

❖ In a unitary government, all the powers are in the hands of one central government.

❖ There is no division of subjects between the centre and the states as all the subjects are in the hands of one central government.

❖ The principle of single citizenship is adopted. There is no provision of separate citizenship of provinces.

• Characteristics of a Federal Government -

❖ In a Federal Government, there is a dual set of governments - Union Government and the State Government. The Union government runs the administration of the entire country and the State governments run the administration of respective states. Both the governments are independent in their respective spheres.

❖ The subjects are divided. The subjects of national importance are given to the central government, whereas subjects of local importance to the state governments and of common importance are kept in the concurrent list.

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Answer 2

Answer:-

The legislative ties between the centre and state are governed by Articles 245 to 255 of Part XI of the Constitution. It sets out a double division between the Union and the states with legislative powers i.e, in territorial recognition and relation to the subject.