Question

Give the characteristics (symbol,charge and mass) of all fundamental particles.
​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol 

e−

 or 

β−

, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.[8] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family,[9] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.[1] The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.[10] Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, ħ. Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.[9] Like all elementary particles, electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves: they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light. The wave properties of electrons are easier to observe with experiments than those of other particles like neutrons and protons because electrons have a lower mass and hence a longer de Broglie wavelength for a given energy.

Electron

Hydrogen atom orbitals at different energy levels. The more opaque areas are where one is most likely to find an electron at any given time.

CompositionElementary particle[1]StatisticsFermionicGenerationFirstInteractionsGravity, electromagnetic, weakSymbol

e−

, 

β−

AntiparticlePositron (also called antielectron)TheorizedRichard Laming(1838–1851),[2]

G. Johnstone Stoney(1874) and others.[3][4]DiscoveredJ. J. Thomson(1897)[5]Mass9.10938356(11)×10−31 kg[6]

5.48579909070(16)×10−4 u[6]

[1822.8884845(14)]−1 u[note 1]

0.5109989461(31) MeV/c2[6]Mean lifetimestable ( > 6.6×1028 yr[7])Electric charge−1 e[note 2]

−1.6021766208(98)×10−19 C[6]

−4.80320451(10)×10−10 esuMagnetic moment−1.00115965218091(26) μB[6]Spin1/2Weak isospinLH: −1/2, RH: 0Weak hyperchargeLH: -1, RH: −2

Electrons play an essential role in numerous physical phenomena, such as electricity, magnetism, chemistry and thermal conductivity, and they also participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weakinteractions.[11] Since an electron has charge, it has a surrounding electric field, and if that electron is moving relative to an observer, said observer will observe it to generate a magnetic field. Electromagnetic fields produced from other sources will affect the motion of an electron according to the Lorentz force law. Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when they are accelerated. Laboratory instruments are capable of trapping individual electrons as well as electron plasma by the use of electromagnetic fields. Special telescopescan detect electron plasma in outer space. Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectorsand particle accelerators.

Interactions involving electrons with other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics. The Coulomb force interaction between the positive protons within atomic nuclei and the negative electrons without, allows the composition of the two known as atoms. Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding.[12] In 1838, British natural philosopher Richard Lamingfirst hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms.[3]Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoneynamed this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897.[5] Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles. Electrons can be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, both particles can be annihilated, producing gamma ray photons.

Answer 2

HELLO MATE

Fundamental particles of an atom are

1)Protons

2) Electrons

3) Neutrons

1) Protons: Protons are positive charged particles Mass of the Proton is

$1.672 \times 10 {}^{ - 27}$

2) Electrons : Electrons are -ve charged particles. Mass of Electron is

9.10938356(11)×10-31

3) Neutron: Neutron contains zero charge and it's mass is

1.674929 x 10-27 kg

HOPE THIS HELPS YOU

PLEASE FOLLOW ME ✌️

MARK ME AS BRAINLIST