Question

Give the comparison between:

i. Sodium atom and Sodium ion

ii. Chlorine atom and chloride ion, with respect to

a) Atomic structure

b) Electrical state

c) Electronic arrangementGive the comparison between:

i. Sodium atom and Sodium ion

ii. Chlorine atom and chloride ion, with respect to

a) Atomic structure

b) Electrical state

c) Electronic arrangement​

Answer 1

Answer:

i) Sodium atomSodium ion

Sodium atom is electrically neutral.

Sodium-ion is positively charged.

In sodium atom, there are 11 proton and 11 electrons,

i.e. an equal number of protons and electrons.

In sodium ion, there are 11 protons but 10 electrons.

The sodium atom has only one electron in its valence shell.      

Sodium-ion has 8 electrons in its valence shell.

Size of a sodium atom is larger than a sodium ion.

Size of a sodium ion is smaller than a sodium atom.

ii) (i) Chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its M shell while Chloride ion has 8 electrons in the same shell. (ii) Chlorine atom is neutral while chloride ion is negatively charged. (iii) Chlorine atom is highly reactive while its ion is inert. (iv) Chlorine gas is poisonous while chloride ion is non-poisonous.