Give the deep explanation to the three layers of Earth
Answers
Inner Core:
It is the center and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperature up to 5,500oC. Due to its immense heat energy, the inner core is more like the engine room of the Earth.
Outer Core:
The outer core of the Earth is similar to a very hot ball of metals, whose temperature is around 4000 oF to 9000oF. It is so hot that the metals inside are all in the liquid state. The outer core is located around 1800 miles under the crust and approximately 1400 miles thick. It is composed of metals such as iron and nickel. The outer core surrounds the inner core.
The inner core has pressures and temperatures so high that the metals are squeezed together and not able to move like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate instead of solid.
Mantle:
Mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2,900 km. Mantle is mainly made up of semi-molten rock known as magma. The rock is hard in the upper part of the mantle, but lower down the rock is softer and begins to melt.
The mantle is located directly under the Sima. The mantle consists of very hot and dense rock. This layer of rock flows like asphalt under heavy weight. This flow is because of the greatest temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the mantle. The reason behind the plates of the Earth move is the movement of the mantle. Its temperature varies between 1600 oF at the upper part to 4000 oF near the bottom.
Crust:
The crust is the outer layer where we live. The thickness is around 0-60 km. It’s a solid rock layer divided into two types:
Continental crust covers the land and,
Oceanic crust covers water.
The crust is the most widely studied and understood. Mantle is hotter and capable of flowing. The outer and inner core are much hotter with great pressures that you can be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you are able to go in the center of the Earth.
Answer:
Earth's Core
You may have heard that ogres are like onions because they have many layers. Well, Earth is the same way! Earth is made up of several different layers, each of which has unique properties.
Let's start from the inside and work our way out. Earth has a core, but this is really two distinct parts: the inner core and the outer core. Both parts of the core are made up of mostly iron and some nickel. The difference is that in the inner core, those minerals are solid and in the outer core, they're liquid.
The inner core of the earth is incredibly hot - so hot that if you tried to dig a hole to China, you'd burn up on your way through the earth! What's amazing about the inner core is that even though it's about as hot as the surface of the sun, there's so much pressure from the weight of the world pushing down on it that it can't melt. This is the same reason that water in a pressure cooker doesn't boil, no matter how hot it gets!
The outer core is also made up of iron and nickel, but it's quite different because it is a liquid. This is because there is much less pressure on this layer than the one below it (the outer core adds a lot of pressure to the inner core!). Though the flow of this liquid layer is very slow-moving (about a few kilometers a year), it is what produces Earth's magnetic field. Our North and South Poles exist because of this liquid outer core, even though it's almost 2,000 miles below us.
The Mantle
Sitting on top of the outer core, we find the mantle. This layer is by far the thickest layer of Earth, about 1,800 miles thick! It also makes up about 85% of Earth's volume. Like the core, the mantle contains mostly iron, but in the form of silicate rocks. You might be surprised to learn that this rock actually moves like a fluid, similar to how silly putty moves. If you poke silly putty hard, it acts like a solid, but if you slowly pull it apart, it acts like a liquid. We call this ability of rock to move without breaking plasticity.
The mantle can also be divided into two portions, the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The lower mantle is completely solid because, like the solid inner core of Earth, the pressure is just too great for it to melt and flow. The upper mantle is also known as the asthenosphere, which flows as convection currents. Convection occurs in all fluids and is the rising of warm particles and sinking of cool particles. So, as the material in the upper mantle warms, it rises straight up, and as it rises, it cools and then sinks back down.
The Crust
The first, outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. The crust can be categorized into two parts. These two parts are the oceanic crust and the continental crust. The oceanic crust, also known as sima, only makes up 0.099% of the Earth’s mass. It is the smallest part of the Earth with a depth of 0-6 miles. The oceanic layer is mostly made of basalt, a type of solidified lava. Due to volcanic activity, the amount of basalt has greatly accumulated, covering the ocean floor and even creating the islands Iceland and Hawaii! The continental crust, or sial, is what we are standing on and is also the only layer of the Earth we could survive on. The depth of continental crust varies in thickness from 0-31 miles. This layer makes up 0.374% of the Earth’s mass.
This layer is slightly bigger than the oceanic crust and is made up of lighter materials.
Together, the oceanic and continental crust make up about 1% of the entire volume of the Earth. The Earth’s crust is the most common place for earthquakes, the shaking of the crust due to underground volcanic activity, or by shifting of rock beneath the surface.