give the explannation of hinge joint & pivetal
Answers
Hinge joints=This type of joint found in the knees elbows and wrists. The ends of the bones fit into each othet in such a way that movement is possible in only one direction. Pivotal joints%In this kind of joints rotatory movement is possible around one axis only.
Joints are places where bones meet. The body contains several different types of joint. Some joints have limited movements, such as those between the vertebrae, whereas others are more mobile, including the joints in the fingers and toes.
Hinge joints are those that allow movement along one plane. They facilitate bending and straightening actions, such as flexing a finger.
In a hinge joint, protective cartilage covers the bones, and a thick gel called synovial fluid lubricates them, allowing them to move without rubbing against one another. All hinge joints also contain muscles, ligaments, and other tissues that stabilize the joint.
Hinge joints are more stable than ball-and-socket joints, which include the shoulder and hip joints. However, ball-and-socket joints allow a greater range of movement along more than one plane.
The following body parts are hinge joints:
elbow
knee
finger joints (interphalangeal joints)
toe joints (interphalangeal joints)
ankles (tibiotalar joint)
Below is a 3D model of a hinge joint which is fully interactive. Explore the model using your mouse pad or touchscreen to understand more about hinge joints.
Possible injuries
A range of injuries and medical conditions can affect hinge joints, including those below.
Osteoarthritis
As with other joints in the body, a person can develop osteoarthritis in a hinge joint. The hinge joints that osteoarthritis most commonly affects are the knees, hands, and feet.
Stiff, painful joints are a hallmark of osteoarthritis. This stiffness develops when the protective cartilage that covers the bones in a joint breaks down, causing pain and swelling.
Factors that play a role in the development of osteoarthritis are:
trauma
activity level
body weight
lifestyle
genetics
Dislocation
Although hinge joints are relatively stable, people can dislocate them. A dislocation occurs when a bone in the joint moves out of place. The most commonly dislocated hinge joints are those in the hands and feet.
However, certain sporting activities can increase a person’s risk of shoulder dislocation, while high energy trauma, such as that resulting from a car accident or high speed sporting injury, can lead to dislocation of the knee.
If a bone fracture also occurs, this is called a complex dislocation.
Tissue damage
Injuries that affect the muscles, ligaments, or other tissues in the joint can cause pain and inflammation in this area of the body.
Sporting injuries, especially those resulting from high impact activities, often affect hinge joints. Runner’s knee, for instance, can occur after repeated impact to the knee joint during running.
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How to keep joints healthy
Experts are predicting rising rates of arthritis in the United States due to an aging population. It is important that people try to keep the joints healthy as they get older.
People can help keep their joints healthy by:
Moving them often: Exercising, stretching, and avoiding staying stationary for too long can all help keep the joints working well.
Minimizing stress: When exercising, a person should pay attention to how the joints feel and avoid pushing their body too far. Excessive strain on the joints can erode the cartilage and cause lasting damage.
Strengthening the muscles around the joints: Strong muscles will reduce the strain on joints, reducing the risk of injury, especially during sports.
Maintaining a healthy weight: Carrying excess body weight places more strain on some joints, especially the knees. Reaching or maintaining a healthy weight can prevent this issue.
hope it helps