Question

Give the factors which evolve human values.

Answer 1

In the evolution of human culture from pre-history to the present, changes in ethical values have been driven by the most basic force of all: energy.

In a bold new theory, historian Ian Morris argues that humans have found three main ways to get the energy they need – foraging, farming and fossil fuels – and that in each of these epochs, the dominant energy source sets limits on the kinds of societies that can succeed, and each society in turn rewards specific values.

Small forager bands valued equality but were ready to settle problems violently. In larger farming societies those who valued hierarchy but avoided conflict did best. In huge fossil-fuel societies, the pendulum has swung back toward equality but further away from violence.

But if our fossil-fuel world currently favours open, democratic societies, the ongoing revolution in energy capture may well soon signal a new values shift. If so, what might come next?

Answer 2

Answer:

Energy, the most fundamental factor of all, has propelled changes in ethical standards throughout the development of human culture from prehistory to the present.

Explanation:

• Foraging, farming, and fossil fuels are the three main energy sources that humanity has discovered.
• In each of these energy epochs, the dominant energy source places restrictions on the kind of societies that can thrive, and each society, in turn, rewards particular virtues.
• Small foraging tribes valued equality but were prepared to use force to resolve conflicts.
• The best performers in larger farming civilizations were those that valued hierarchy but shunned confrontation.
• The pendulum has swung further away from violence but back toward equality in large fossil fuel societies.
• Currently, the fossil fuel world favours open, democratic countries

Energy has led to the evolution of human values.

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