give the history that led to development of democracy in india
Answers
In ancient India , there were democracy in various parts of India namely kalinga and vaishali. But after advent of kingdoms democracies vanished. Till 1947 India had been under of various kingdom but Indian hindu are divided in various castes and their loyality used to be their caste. Each caste used to have their own assembly named panchayat. These panchayats used to set social rules/norms of their members. The caste panchayats never used to have election but influential persons used to control.Their control was absolute and any defiance to panchayat used to lead to ostracization.
(Please note that father of nation of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah's grand father was hindu who was ostracized , he requested panchayat for forgiveness but refused. They were left with no other option but to adopt islam. Jinnah finally carved out separate islamic country named Pakistan.)
Our independence movement ultimately led to national movement and we adopted british style democracy but society was divided on caste and religion lines however in last 70 years society has moved to democratic liberal society . In cities inter caste marriages are increasing and caste and religion are taking back seat.
But yet we have long way to go.
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Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. As this form of government comes only after independence i.e. 1947. Earlier from the ancient to medieval to modern period the form government change but complete democracy was not there i.e. RULE OF THE PEOPLE.
Starting from the ancient period , where society is divided on the varna system, there is little chance of social mobility. Every sect follow their own traditional work and there is no common law that govern all the people.
In the medieval period, coming of great mughal and later mughal, king is the sole authority to take decision about it's subject. Here there was no actual devolution of power to masses.
In the modern period, with the advent of east India company and later subjugation of the company after revolt of 1857 to british government. And the different mass movement and concessions given by the British to this movement turns india into less responsible government to finally sovereign India in 1947.
So the present democracy has been gift of long struggle of the freedom fighter, masses women, peasant etc but in the recent time there are many threats to it s.a. education, corruption, women's issues, student politics, leadership strategies and the design of political institutions affect national and local politics.
Some other factors such as the caste issue, environment policy, new long-term investment in the economy by foreigners etc., also have a bearing on Democracy